Comparison and contrast between Blake and Wordsworths...

Poetry was an outsider to the cold, efficient, emotionless environment of the Industrial Revolution. Romantics of all arts criticized the changing ways of life and idealized the pre-industrial revolution era. London was the haven to this revolution, and the hell to all poetry. William Wordsworth and William Blake both denounced Londons new environment with their poems London, 1802 and London respectively. Both authors were against this transformation of the city because it destroyed all beauty and happiness, both of which they were very fond of. But, their writings went about different ways of showing their feelings of dissent towards the mechanical lifestyle of London. In both poems, Blake and Wordsworth shared the idea that London†¦show more content†¦He perceived this London as a pure uncorrupted land. This is the complete opposite of the modern London he lived in now where people were miserable and did not revere the teachings of purity or God. Blakes poem contrasts grea tly with the more upbeat mood of Wordsworth. Blakes point of view in his poem is the sorrow encountered in modern day London which is the polar opposite of that of Wordsworth. Blake looks towards the present situation of grief, and his poems reflect that sentiment. The despair grows apparent when he talks of the loss of innocence in London. He speaks of the Youthful Harlots curse(l 14) corrupting the new born Infants tear(l 15). The feeling he depicts is one of depression. It shows how there is no happiness in London and the future is being destroyed. He describes the toll of the slum like on humanity, which is neither happy nor gives any hope for the future. The poem is much darker and it is apparent when compared to the more free-spirited poem of William Wordsworth. Another enormous difference that distinguishes the authors is their different ways to grasp the readers attention and emotion. Both Blake and Wordsworth use heavy imagery, but they describe this imagery using different senses. Blakes poem fills the readers ears with the cries of many, while Wordsworth paints a picture using visual

Love and Marriage - 2002 Words

Love and Marriage Ever wonder why so many happy marriages become failed marriages? Love plays a big part of failed and happy marriages. Happy marriages are hard to obtain and keep in this day of age. Marriage is defined as â€Å"an intimate or close union† by Merriam Webster. Marriage has been used for mutual benefit, personal benefit, or just the simple uniting of a couple in love. Happy marriages seem to be rare now with the stress of jobs, life’s struggles, or just the simple temptations that can tear a marriage apart and even the lack of love. In history marriage wasn’t the uniting of a couple in love, it was for the benefit of kingdoms or families. Marriage was used to unite families for mutual benefit to gain a higher standing in a†¦show more content†¦Telling a loved one, like a husband or wife that how they act or things they do drive them nuts can be very hard and hurtful. In the long run problems are better handled sooner than later. Waiting to resolve a legitimate problem usually makes things worse, the anger or frustration can build up. After so much anger or frustration is built up it’s only a matter of time before that anger releases and results into a fight towards the other person. Bursts of anger cause more trouble than they really should, when a spouse blows up and starts listing one thing after another or just belittles the other for something little or something that happened a long time ago, words are said or actions show things that the person really doesn’t mean it. Though the words and actions hurt, they are not meant in most cases and cause a lot of pain and emotional stress. When looking back at the reasons why the explosion of anger or grief occurred, it usually wasn’t a big deal at the time or wasn’t dealt with at the time. Dealing with problems is a part of being in a marriage or a relationship. Dealing with the problem is difficult but can make a marriage stronger. A strong marriage is very important to be happy and to make the marriage last. There is a couple from Shawnee who have been married for about 20 years and the husband has had some tough cards dealt to him. His wife went out of the marriage for a relationship while being married. Her actions caused a veryShow MoreRelatedMarriage and Love1018 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican University of Beirut Spring 2012 - 2013 Response to Marriage and Love by Emma Goldman Marriage and Love, an article by Emma Goldman tackles the issue of marriage and the notion of free motherhood. Goldman argues that love and marriage are two concepts that simply can t go together. She states that love has the ability to liberate its subject, empower him. 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History of Physical Education Free Essays

Brief History of Physical Education A brief history of physical education in the United States would kick off in the nineteenth century. There was growing popularity of formal physical education programs all across Europe where calisthenics and gymnastics were all the rage. American schools looked to follow the European model by incorporating physical education into the curriculum for primary and secondary schools. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Physical Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now And a brief history of physical education would not be complete with a consideration of institutes of higher education that gradually built up extremely successful sports programs. How it began The brief history of physical education would start in just about 1820 when schools focused on gymnastics, hygiene training and care and development of the human body. By the year 1950, over 400 institutes had introduced majors in physical education. The Young Men’s Christian Association launched its very first chapter in 1851 and focused on physical activities. Colleges were encouraged to focus on intramural sports particularly track, field and football. But physical education became a formal requirement following the civil war when many states opted to pass laws that required schools to incorporate a substantial physical education component into their curriculums. But it was not till 1970 that an amendment was made to the Federal Education Act that allowed women from high school and college to compete in athletic competitions. Sex-based discrimination was completely outlawed from government funded programs at this point. THE HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN GREECE In Greece the latest years special education has followed the same progression as in any other country in Europe but in a very slow pace. Specifically, Special Education services were available to Greek children since the beginning of the 20th century, adapted Physical Education was introduced the last two decades. After the first half of the century various associations developed intense activity with the aim to protect specific groups of people with special needs such as, the blind, the deaf and motionaly disabled. The initiative had clearly charitable characteristics with pity as the main feeling. The state welfare was non-existent every kind of care and prevention was accorded to the authorization of the charitable organization that with full power decided during the course of the years about the life and the future of thousands of people with special needs. The offers of the individuals had the form of institutional care (enclosed protection) with the offer of basic knowledge. The interest of private initiative led to the introduction of various institutional units and schools; firstly in the area of Attica and then in other cities of Greece. Some of the first institutions, which were created, was the â€Å"house of the blind† in 1906, the â€Å"house of the deaf and dump† in 1923, and the â€Å"Hellenic organization for the protection and rehabilitation of disabled children†. In 1937 much late there were more branches created such as the â€Å"national institution for the protection of the deaf and dump† in 1937, the â€Å"lighthouse of the blind† in 1946, the â€Å" school of the blind in North Greece† in 1948 etc. These institutions housed a great number of children but the role of the individuals was not only always a charitable one. However, the private sector helped in its way the state preparation so as to take up later the responsibility and interfere institutionally. The first state interferences began in 50’s and concerned mainly legislation arrangements for the blind and after for the motionaly disabled. The state however was interested in the group of the mentally retarded children and later in the motionaly disabled, which the private agents had completely ignored. The first school, which was founded by the state for the mentally retarded children, was the â€Å" original special school of Athens† in 1937. Many people considerthe state interference in the space of special education during the 30’s non-occasional. The considerable evolutions of pedagogical and psychology sciences, the establishment of obligatory attendance for all the children and the great number of mentally retarded children comparatively with other groups of â€Å" inferior individuals† was a reality which the Greek state could not ignore. From the mid of 50’s the 70’s the developments in special education came again from the wide activity of the private sector while the state followed with mainly legislation inferences and the well known sympathy towards the people with special needs. So, during this period educational units were founded and â€Å"deaf and dumb† schools in various areas of Greece and units for motionaly-disabled people. Another offer of the private sector was the foundation of children’s neuropsychiatry clinics and schools for the group of â€Å"marginal adults† and â€Å" mentally retarded children†. The exemplification of the Greek state and the educational policy of the western countries begins in the mid of the 70’s approximately. Specifically towards the end of the 70’s measures were promoted for the professional rehabilitation of the disabled by giving motives to employers for the employment of these people. Since 1980 and then special classes for the children with, learning difficulties and slight mental retardment began to be estamplished. The Greek state in the 80’s seems to desire to participate actively with the other social factors in an attempt of reorganization of the philosophy and pre-existent structure concerning the people with special needs, which imposed their life and social back round. Precisely, emphasis was given in the whole development and the development of the potential of the people with special needs, their introduction in the productive procedure and their mutual acceptance in the social group. Today, thousands of individuals with disabilities are introduced to sports in various settings such as schools or in sports clubs in both segregated and integrated settings by a variety of national and international organizations. The momentum for such change is contributed to several reasons: †¢ One of the most important reason is the introduction and approval of a new law, which mandates not only free public education for all children, but most important integration of children with disabilities in schools settings. This law is consideredas a springboard for the recognition for all children’s rights to participate in physical education activities. †¢ A second reason, is beginning of 90’s the implementation of the program â€Å"Sports for All†, which is organized by the General Secretariat of Sports and implemented with the support of different municipalities within Greece. †¢ A third reason, is the mandatory exposure of all students of physical education in adapted physical activity course work during their core university studies. In this way they have the opportunity not only to be introduced, but also to become specialized later on this subject. This has considerably affected their attitude to teach integrated sports. †¢ A fourth reason is the organization of the Paralympic Games of 2004, which is considered one of the largest events in the world. Due to the magnitude of this event, Greece started to evaluate the current status of the movement for sports for the disabled people, as well as, begin to take important actions towards the best organization of the games. How to cite History of Physical Education, Essay examples History of Physical Education Free Essays Brief History of Physical Education A brief history of physical education in the United States would kick off in the nineteenth century. There was growing popularity of formal physical education programs all across Europe where calisthenics and gymnastics were all the rage. American schools looked to follow the European model by incorporating physical education into the curriculum for primary and secondary schools. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Physical Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now And a brief history of physical education would not be complete with a consideration of institutes of higher education that gradually built up extremely successful sports programs. How it began The brief history of physical education would start in just about 1820 when schools focused on gymnastics, hygiene training and care and development of the human body. By the year 1950, over 400 institutes had introduced majors in physical education. The Young Men’s Christian Association launched its very first chapter in 1851 and focused on physical activities. Colleges were encouraged to focus on intramural sports particularly track, field and football. But physical education became a formal requirement following the civil war when many states opted to pass laws that required schools to incorporate a substantial physical education component into their curriculums. But it was not till 1970 that an amendment was made to the Federal Education Act that allowed women from high school and college to compete in athletic competitions. Sex-based discrimination was completely outlawed from government funded programs at this point. THE HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN GREECE In Greece the latest years special education has followed the same progression as in any other country in Europe but in a very slow pace. Specifically, Special Education services were available to Greek children since the beginning of the 20th century, adapted Physical Education was introduced the last two decades. After the first half of the century various associations developed intense activity with the aim to protect specific groups of people with special needs such as, the blind, the deaf and motionaly disabled. The initiative had clearly charitable characteristics with pity as the main feeling. The state welfare was non-existent every kind of care and prevention was accorded to the authorization of the charitable organization that with full power decided during the course of the years about the life and the future of thousands of people with special needs. The offers of the individuals had the form of institutional care (enclosed protection) with the offer of basic knowledge. The interest of private initiative led to the introduction of various institutional units and schools; firstly in the area of Attica and then in other cities of Greece. Some of the first institutions, which were created, was the â€Å"house of the blind† in 1906, the â€Å"house of the deaf and dump† in 1923, and the â€Å"Hellenic organization for the protection and rehabilitation of disabled children†. In 1937 much late there were more branches created such as the â€Å"national institution for the protection of the deaf and dump† in 1937, the â€Å"lighthouse of the blind† in 1946, the â€Å" school of the blind in North Greece† in 1948 etc. These institutions housed a great number of children but the role of the individuals was not only always a charitable one. However, the private sector helped in its way the state preparation so as to take up later the responsibility and interfere institutionally. The first state interferences began in 50’s and concerned mainly legislation arrangements for the blind and after for the motionaly disabled. The state however was interested in the group of the mentally retarded children and later in the motionaly disabled, which the private agents had completely ignored. The first school, which was founded by the state for the mentally retarded children, was the â€Å" original special school of Athens† in 1937. Many people considerthe state interference in the space of special education during the 30’s non-occasional. The considerable evolutions of pedagogical and psychology sciences, the establishment of obligatory attendance for all the children and the great number of mentally retarded children comparatively with other groups of â€Å" inferior individuals† was a reality which the Greek state could not ignore. From the mid of 50’s the 70’s the developments in special education came again from the wide activity of the private sector while the state followed with mainly legislation inferences and the well known sympathy towards the people with special needs. So, during this period educational units were founded and â€Å"deaf and dumb† schools in various areas of Greece and units for motionaly-disabled people. Another offer of the private sector was the foundation of children’s neuropsychiatry clinics and schools for the group of â€Å"marginal adults† and â€Å" mentally retarded children†. The exemplification of the Greek state and the educational policy of the western countries begins in the mid of the 70’s approximately. Specifically towards the end of the 70’s measures were promoted for the professional rehabilitation of the disabled by giving motives to employers for the employment of these people. Since 1980 and then special classes for the children with, learning difficulties and slight mental retardment began to be estamplished. The Greek state in the 80’s seems to desire to participate actively with the other social factors in an attempt of reorganization of the philosophy and pre-existent structure concerning the people with special needs, which imposed their life and social back round. Precisely, emphasis was given in the whole development and the development of the potential of the people with special needs, their introduction in the productive procedure and their mutual acceptance in the social group. Today, thousands of individuals with disabilities are introduced to sports in various settings such as schools or in sports clubs in both segregated and integrated settings by a variety of national and international organizations. The momentum for such change is contributed to several reasons: †¢ One of the most important reason is the introduction and approval of a new law, which mandates not only free public education for all children, but most important integration of children with disabilities in schools settings. This law is consideredas a springboard for the recognition for all children’s rights to participate in physical education activities. †¢ A second reason, is beginning of 90’s the implementation of the program â€Å"Sports for All†, which is organized by the General Secretariat of Sports and implemented with the support of different municipalities within Greece. †¢ A third reason, is the mandatory exposure of all students of physical education in adapted physical activity course work during their core university studies. In this way they have the opportunity not only to be introduced, but also to become specialized later on this subject. This has considerably affected their attitude to teach integrated sports. †¢ A fourth reason is the organization of the Paralympic Games of 2004, which is considered one of the largest events in the world. Due to the magnitude of this event, Greece started to evaluate the current status of the movement for sports for the disabled people, as well as, begin to take important actions towards the best organization of the games. How to cite History of Physical Education, Papers History of Physical Education Free Essays string(45) " western civilization began with the Greeks\." PREFACE To provide a meaningful background of physical education and sport in modern society it is helpful to have a clear understanding of its role in the past and how it emerged. The purpose of this assignment is to outline the history of physical education since time immemorial. The text begins with the beginning of the humankind engaging in physical activities, showing the history of physical education and sport being a rich tapestry of people, places, events and social forces from early civilization to the present time through transitional periods. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Physical Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now INTRODUCTION The ground of education as a whole is going through remarkable challenges to serve the needs of the individual and the society, and this trend is reflected in physical education also. The history of physical education goes back to the earliest times, if we think of it in the simple terms of fitness and has existed since human society in one form or other. Since early history, even before the dawn of civilization and culture, physical exercise has been a very important aspect of human existence and it was not so long ago that it was called† physical culture† or â€Å"physical training†. THE PALEOLITHIC PERIOD Primitive humans began life in the â€Å"Stone Age. † What can they be called? Paleolithic people, Stone agers, primitive humans or cave men. They were hunters and gatherers. They hunted wild game and fished; they gathered veggies, berries and nuts. Primitive humans depended entirely on nature for food. Primitive men moved according to their satisfaction, needs and necessity. They needed to be fit to be able to go through their journey to hunt for food and water. Being nomads and hunters, they were people who had to be persistently hunting and gathering food for survival. Their trips regularly lasted for one-to-two days for food or water and were meant for regular physical activity to be produced. When they successfully hunted, they would travel many miles and miles to celebrate with family and friends. Physical activities were not organized by them. The necessity for survival which is the protection against hostile environment and wild beasts, and sometimes the engagement in murder to insure their protection, motivated these men to keep themselves physically ? t and strong enough compared to stronger forces of nature. In those days there were no machines to help people in their work. That is why they had to depend exclusively upon their physical powers and physical skill. They considered their body to be their prize possession, so their primary concern was to maintain and protect their body. The order of the day was the survival of the most fit. Their sociable nature was inborn and drew only by mating and propagation that gave them the desire to dance and play, which were not being organized. Men lived in such a state for thousands of years. There was neither any organization nor system. Most of their acts were learnt by the young generations by the competence of imitation rather than instruction. This lifestyle created many physical activities and a high level fitness which defined human life. THE NEOLITHIC TRANSITION Neolithic people lived during the â€Å"New Stone Age†, from 9000 to 8000 B. C. This was the transitional period in which pre- historic societies began to control their surroundings and form civilization. The two most significant developments were the domestication of animals and farming. Their society was different from Paleolithic culture because they lived in established communities, domesticated animals and cultivated crops. As they improved their society they developed skills like spinning, weaving and building. They also made tombs and religious items. Men and women gave up hunting gathering as the only sources of living and learnt to produce their own food. Agriculture and the raise of cattle were discovered and increased to a productive economy. Many villages were built generally located next to rivers. Then came the creation of the plow, so the difficult tasks being done by the animals and other agricultural development brought the beginning of a less active lifestyle. Social organization became more complex in the first villages, and then towns. Different kind of chiefs appeared and gave rise to a political system. There was class system whereby society was divided into rich and poor. A specialization of work took place. Apart from peasants and cattle farmers, new economical activities such as craftsmanship (fabric, pottery) were born. This era in history symbolizes the beginning of a more sedentary lifestyle, as man began to lessen some hardships of life while simultaneously decreasing daily physical activity. ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS (2500-250 B. C. ) (i) China In China, the participation of regular physical activity was encouraged by the philosophical teachings. There were no such words in the Chinese vocabulary entirely corresponding to the Western terms of â€Å"sport† and â€Å"physical education†. Such physical exercises as wrestling, swordplay, archery, charioteering and horse-racing were all incorporated in the military training and therefore came under the general term of â€Å"wuyi,† or â€Å"martial arts. † Kung Fu gymnastics was developed to keep the body in good and working condition. It consisted of various stances and movements, patterned by separate foot works and imitations of different kind of animals’ fighting styles. (ii) India India has a long recorded history of civilization but physical activity was not encouraged because of the religious teachings over there. The teachings of Buddha restricted most of the sports and games practiced by other early civilizations. However, an exercise programs known as â€Å"yoga†, same as the Chinese Cong Fu gymnastics, was developed and some other physical activities as well. According to the Hindu priests, Yoga signifies the development of body, mind, and spirit. The Ancient Indian philosophers recognized the health benefits of Yoga, which consisted of the proper functioning of organs and the whole well-being. There have been many physical activities but were never treated as a part of general education, they were mostly an entry to military career. ANCIENT GREECE: THE HEART OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION SPORT (2500-200 B. C. ) The western civilization began with the Greeks. You read "History of Physical Education" in category "Essay examples" They were the first one to provide a methodical and philosophical attitude toward education, physical education and sport. It is believed that no other civilization has held fitness in such appreciation as the ancient Greece had. The admiration for beauty of the body and importance of health and fitness throughout society is one that is beyond compare in history. For the Greeks, the development of the body was equivalently as important as development of the mind. They believed that the physical well-being was crucial for the mental well –being. During that period, the Greek states were frequently at war with each other. The Fighting abilities were very much associated with physical fitness levels, therefore making it very important for the people to maintain high level of fitness. Athens and Sparta were the two most famous city-states and dominant force of the Greek civilization. Sparta was already militaristic by 700 B. C. Spartans were derisive of intellectualism. They were generally suspicious and conventional. All that mattered to the Spartans was being a warrior. Athens was the more democratic of the two city-states. Both city-states served the people and their needs although they were very different. Being a potential warrior was all that mattered to the Spartans. Athens was the more democratic of the two city-states. SPARTA The Spartan system was much more autocratic. Male children were taken at the age of seven to learn the basic military skills while living in barracks. Little emphasis was placed on the arts, sciences, philosophy and literature. Physical activities such as gymnastics, running, jumping, boxing, wrestling and pankration (a brutal combination of  boxing and wrestling) were provided to produce powerful warriors. When the children reached the age of fourteen, they were taught group fighting tactics which would allow them to succeed while in the military from the ages of twenty to thirty. Girls did not live in public military  barracks like the boys, but they participated in discuss, gymnastics, horse riding,  javelin, swimming, running, and wrestling at separate training grounds. The objective for women’s physical education was to enable them to produce healthy and strong potential warriors. At the age of thirty, the men could then marry women who were fit and healthy so that they could make strong babies, therefore future warriors. ATHENS For the Athenian -The motto for education was â€Å"a sound mind in a sound body† (mens sana in corpore sano) Athens was quite different compared to the Sparta. The Athenian culture was a very much more freethinking and democratic society specially noted for its art, literature, philosophy as well as its political system. There were citizens, foreign settlers and slaves but only the citizens were provided with educational opportunities. When compared to Sparta, education was very different in Athens. Women had no physical education compared to Sparta. They put much more emphasis toward intellectual quest. Their objective was similar to Sparta that is preparing male warriors. Athenian education was a balance between music (including poetry) and gymnastics which enveloped a range of physical activities. Physical education was provided to the students with a series of graded activities at the Palestra, which consisted of an indoor facility for gymnastics, and to an outdoor space for boxing, discus, javelin, running, jumping, pankration, pentathlon and wrestling. Many of these athletic events were part of the four great sport and religious festivals which consisted of the Olympic, Isthmian, Pythian and Nemean Games. These games started as simple athletic contests dedicated to Greek gods, but the Olympic Games, in particular, over 1000 years, became increasingly complex encompassing events for boys and men in running over different distances, pentathlon, wrestling, races in armour, chariot races, and pankration. As of education more broadly, the clear objectives of physical education in Athens were to educate the mind and the body and to produce a well integrated person. ROMANS The political ambition of Rome incorporated physical education into a national program for the preparation of military. Therefore, similar to the Greeks, sports, games and physical recreation were meant to prepare boys and young men for military service. Physical education for the Romans was about athletics, which was entertainment above all. All Roman citizens between the ages of 17 and 60 had to be fit for the military service, so it was very important for all the citizens to maintain good physical condition and be prepared. Military training consisted of activities such as running, marching, jumping, and discus and javelin throwing. The fitness levels of the general Roman population declined as individuals became attracted to wealth and entertainment. People were forced to fight to the death, and oftentimes fed to lions. Women were not as marginalized in Rome as they were in Greek city-states. Some sporting events were organized for young women such as swimming, dancing, and light exercise was common, especially among the privileged classes. THE DARK (476-1000) AND MIDDLE AGES (900-1400) The Middle Ages saw the fall of the Roman Empire which was conquered by Barbarians from Northern Europe, whereby the lavish lifestyles of the Romans had resulted in the complete decay of the society’s fitness level. There was the rise of Christianity, and the Christian’s influence brought about a denial of physical activity for anything other than manual labor. They viewed physical play as immoral, so they halted the Olympic Games in 394. The barbarians from Northern Europe were similar to the primitive humans. Their way of life consisted of hunting and gathering food, so physical activity and fitness were fundamentals for survival. Thus, despite the downfall of the Roman Empire, fitness experienced a revival during the Dark and Middle ages because survival during these challenging times required it. THE RENAISSANCE (1400-1600) During the Renaissance, a renewed appreciation for human life evolved creating an environment which was ready for the widespread development of physical education; revival of ancient Greek ideals throughout Europe. There were many people which included the religious leader;Martin Luther, the philosopher; John Locke, physical educators; Vittorino da Feltra, John Comenius, and Richard Mulcaster carried on that high fitness levels improved intellectual learning. But in the 1600s people believed that if it did not have any specific purpose than just a waste of time. PHYSICAL EDUCATION AS FROM THE 1700S There was a big change in physical education during the 1700’s which can be mostly accredited to three people: Jean Jacques Rousseau, Johan Simon, and Guts Muths. Rousseau was the first person to promote education for the people and he also concluded play as being educational and stressed the importance of physical education to the development of a strong body. In the mid 1700s, Johan Simon became the first physical education teacher and stressed on the fact that physical education should be taught along with reading and writing. Simon believed physical education should include a lot of physical effort. Guts Muths developed a series of gymnastic apparatuses and believed that very important social skills are developed through physical education. These people of that time and the things they did began to pave the road to where we are today. In 19th-century, the first indoor gymnasium was built in Germany and some countries such as Europe, Sweden and Germany developed systems of gymnastics that were adopted internationally. A gymnasium was also build in Finland where exercise was for the first time seen as a way to achieve physical treatment. In connection to exercise, students started to study anatomy and physiology. Denmark was among the first countries to require physical education in schools. By the 1820s, some American schools offered gymnasium and physical education. The physical education included the development and care of the body, and training in hygiene, callisthenic exercises, gymnastics, and the performance and management of athletic games. CONCLUSION Physical education has a cultural heritage and background which started at the dawn of civilization. Primitive human being had to be very active and physically to survive. Farming began in its primitive form and made people have more physical activity from only working in the fields. People fitness levels changed here and the also began seeing a more sedentary lifestyle. Ancient Greek culture depended upon preparing its young men for war. Training for battle was not an option, but a prerequisite. Ancient physical education programs concentrated exclusively on activities that trained soldiers. The significance of physical education no longer concentrates solely on training soldiers for battle and ancient athletes for victories but for the wholesome development of a person. It began in ancient Greece and made its way around the world. REFERENCES S. E. Smith. (). What was the Neolithic Period?. Available: http://www. isegeek. com/what-was-the-neolithic-period. htm. Last accessed: 30th Oct 2012. Charles A. Bucher. (1983). Historical foundations of physical education and sport. In: Nancy K. Roberson Foundations of physical education and sport. US: The C. V. Mosby Company. P133-155. http://www. cals. ncsu. edu/agexed/aee501/rousseau. html http://prezi. com/ieokiwmde3ni /history-of-physical-education/ Howel et al. 1994. History Of Sport And Physical Education. In: Foundations of Physical Education,pp. 17-117 A. Bruce Frederick. (). Gymnastics. Available: http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/250277/gymnastics#ref700589. Last accessed: 01st nov 2012. How to cite History of Physical Education, Essay examples

Global Markets Globalization

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Markets for Globalization. Answer: Introduction Globalization is an ongoing process of international interaction and interchange of opinions, ideas, resources, goods and service (Michie, 2011). The global trades are not a modern time notion but were done in every era of known human history, though the term globalization came into use since 1970s (Marsden, 2015). The globalization has given rise to cross border trades, businesses, enabled migration of people, supported exchange of knowledge and wealth. In its report in 2000, the International Monetary Fund recognized the issues and opportunities presented by extensive globalization in the modern business world (International Monetary Fund, 2000). Some of the needs and the opportunities of globalization for the domestic business are explored in this essay. Also this essay would discuss the trade theories formed for the global markets. The comparison, advantages and limitations of the Absolute advantage and Comparative advantage trade theories are explained in details. Globalization is not only Imperative for Survival, but also an Opportunity for Future Growth of Domestic Businesses. The globalization gives opportunities for the domestic business to explore the potential of the new markets. It enables the local business take benefit of the economies of scale by endorsing its goods and services in new budding markets (Bayraktar, 2014). Globalisation is not a mere choice today but almost a compulsion on the business who wishes to grow and sustain in the future. Even if the domestic companies do not enter the foreign market, they are affected by globalisation as the international players enter their local markets. this breaks the monopoly of the local businesses and forces them to upgrade their product quality and prices to become comparable to their foreign competitors. This advancement caused by the globalisation eventually helps the economic growth of the business and the country at large (Hartungi, 2006). Therefore, the growth of the domestic company in foreign market is not merely necessity or the survival of the business but also a plethora of opportunities. After the saturation of the local markets or by the stiffer competition from the foreign market penetrators, the best possible way ahead for a local business is to make use of the opportunities presented by globalisation (Bhagwati, 2007). A company can take advantage of the cheaper raw materials, labour or other resources in a different country and hence ensure control in the operational cost (Mochrie et al., 2001). This would also help the company to make better profits and revenues, further enhancing the company sustainability. Globalisation also ensures that the market risks of the company are distributed by being present in various nations at their different level of economic growth stages. the recession in one nation could be managed by the boom on the economy of other nation (Kohtamaki, 2016). International Trade Theories. In the case where the trading is taking place between two countries the situation involves various complex concepts and theories. These take into account various aspects like the international legislations, treaties, agreements between trading countries etc. the two classification of the global trade theories are the country-based or classical theory and firm-based or modern theories (Helpman, 2011) Absolute Advantage Trade Theory The Absolute Advantage theory is a country-based or classical trade theories. This theory suggested that the capability of a nation to manufacture or produce a certain product with more competency than the other nation, gives it an absolute advantage (Roxenhall, 2013). The nation should therefore identify such products, which it is able to make in a better way, at lower cost, quickly or in higher quality than other countries. Comparative Advantage Trade Theory Comparative advantage is also a classical or country-based trade theory. As per this theory the countries which are more competent in making both the goods that could be traded in exchange of each other, enjoys a higher comparative advantage than the country which is incapable of making any tradable goods or services (Hunt Morgan, 1995). Differences Between the Two Trade Theories The difference between the absolute and comparative advantage trade theories is a subtle one. On one hand the theory of comparative advantage put focus on the differences between the relative productivity of two countries, on the other hand the absolute advantage theory talks about the absolute competence of a nation (Reidenbach, 2013). To understand it better lets take a scenario where the only countries in the world are A and B, which makes only two goods with efficiency, say cheese and leather shoes. If in one-labor hour A makes 20 cheese blocks and 10 leather shoes while B makes 2 cheese blocks and 4 shoes. Here A has higher absolute advantage for making both the goods more in number. Though for A opportunity cost of making 1 shoe is 2 block of cheese, while for B it is merely 0.5 blocks of cheese. Thus B has grater comparative advantage in the manufacturing of shoes as compared to A (Weder, 1995). Limitations One of the important limitations seen in both these theories is lack of consideration for the transportation costs and government restrictions (Castronovo, 2012). The increase in specialisation by one country for a particular products or services may also result in the diseconomies of scale. Also these theories do not take into account the dynamic nature of the business and that switching of labor with expertise in one product might not be very easy task (Porter, 2011). Conclusion Thus it could be concluded that the globalization not only a necessity of the modern business scenario but also a fortunate opportunity for the business which wishes to expand and remain growing in the long run. Also the concepts of global trade theories enable to countries to identify their strengths and use them for better negotiations in the global markets. The limitations of the presently discussed trade theories are compensated by various modern trade theories such as Country Similarity Theory, Product Life Cycle Theory, Global Strategic Rivalry Theory, etc. Thus taking a domestic business in a well-researched global market is the wise decision for the growth and sustainability of the business. References Bayraktar, A., Oly Ndubisi, N. (2014). The role of organizational mindfulness in firms globalization and global market performance.Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship,16(1), 26-46. Bhagwati, J.N. (2007) In Defense of globalization: With a new Afterword. Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA. Castronovo, C., Huang, L. (2012). Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), 117-134. Hartungi, R. (2006) Could developing countries take the benefit of globalisation? International Journal of Social Economics, 33(11), pp. 728743. Helpman, E. (2011) Understanding global trade. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Hunt, S.D. and Morgan, R.M. (1995) The comparative advantage theory of competition, Journal of Marketing, 59(2), p. 1. International Monetary Fund (2000) Globalization: Threat or opportunity? An IMF issues brief. Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2000/041200to.htm (Accessed: 18 September 2016). Kohtamaki, M., Thorgren, S. and Wincent, J., (2016). Organizational identity and behaviors in strategic networks.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,31(1), pp.36-46. Marsden, D. (2015) Globalization: The key concepts by Eriksen, Thomas Hylland, Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale, 23(1), pp. 9495. Michie, J. (2011) The handbook of Globalisation, Second edition (Elgar original reference). Edited by Jonathan Michie. 2nd edn. Northampton, MA: Elgar, Edward Publishing. Mochrie, C., Olds, K., Dicken, P., Kelly, P.F., Kong, L. and Yeung, H.W. (2001) Globalisation and the Asia-Pacific: Contested territories, Pacific Affairs, 74(1), p. 96. Porter, M.E. (2011) Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. United States: Simon and Schuster. Reidenbach, R.E. and Robin, D.P., (2013). Some Initial Steps Toward Improving the Measurement of Ethical Evaluations of Marketing Activities. InCitation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 315-328). Springer Netherlands. Roxenhall, T., (2013). Network structure and innovation in strategic innovation networks.International Journal of Innovation Management,17(02), p.1350002. Weder, R. (1995) Linking absolute and comparative advantage to Intra-Industry trade theory, Review of International Economics, 3(3), pp. 342354.

Marshall Mcluhan Essays - Marshall McLuhan, Media Studies

Marshall Mcluhan Author and social theorist Tom Wolfe once commented on Canadian professor Marshal McLuhans mantra, the medium is the message saying: The new technologiesradically alter the entire way people use their five senses, the way they react to things, and therefore, their entire lives and the entire society. It doesnt matter what the content of a medium like t.v. is 20 hours a day of sadistic cowboys caving in peoples teeth or Pablo Casals droning away on his cello. How is it that violence and the arts are effective in the same manner? Wouldnt the content be the most important factor in analyzing a television program? To understand Marshall McLuhans theories the reader must not be concerned with the symbolic content of what is being said or the cosmetic interpretation of the actual show but rather, look deeper into the whole infrastructure of the medium itself. McLuhan was prone to thinking up clever analogies and plays on words; and describing the content of a medium was no different. He described it as the juicy piece of meat carried by the burglar to distract the watchdog of the mind. We are the content of our media because the way we live life is largely a function of the way we process information. That information is presented and made available by way of a certain medium. In turn, each medium delivers a new message and a new form of human being, whose qualities are suited to it. The same words spoken face to face, printed on paper, or presented on television provide three different messages simply because of the different senses used to perceive it. McLuhan thought primary channels of communication change the way we look at the world around us. The dominant medium of any age governs people and reconnects modes of relationships with the world based on which sensory motor apparatus is being activated. Dominant epochs spring from the phonetic alphabet, printing press, and the telegraph, which were turning points in society because they changed the way people thought about themselves. To understand how and why people are affected by television, one must first become familiar with McLuhans idea of the electronic age. With the advent of television, the power of the printed word is decreased significantly. Books become made-for-t.v. movies and newspapers come alive with twenty-four hour a day headlines. Marshall McLuhan noted this increase in sound and touch and declared that instant communication was a return to prealphabetic oral tradition. The television connected people in a way that created an all at once world where closed human systems are rare. Suddenly everyone could share the same experience of watching images on t.v. at the same time with the same effects. To McLuhan, this meant returning to a single global village where the electronic media re-tribalize the human race. The whole world is becoming like the small town beauty shop where rumors and gossip include foreign ministers and movie stars. We all become busy bodies tracking everyone elses business. As we live, we search for meaning and the process of watching television is no different. However, it is the procedure used to compute this meaning that differs. Watching television has often been seen as a routine, unproblematic, passive process: the meanings of the programs are seen as given and obvious; the viewer is seen as passively receptive and mindless. (Livingstone p.3) This would mean that the television audience does not have to do anything but stare without thinking, and that the pictures we see do not leave any space for interpretation. However, we are a generation that has grown up learning to read television and interpret the conventions of television in order to put a meaning to the images shown. This creates the notion of reading television as natural. Marshal McLuhan also noted this active participation and in turn, labeled the television as a cool medium. A Cool medium is a low-definition display that draws a person in, requiring high participation to fill in the blanks. Although we do not realize all of the many processes required to view a television program, the watcher is in fact highly involved because of the low resolution monitor, mosaic screen, and thusly, greater mental participation. The mosaic of colored dots

Free Essays on Us And UK Constitution Compared

‘Because the US constitution is written and codified it is superior to the UK constitution’ Do you agree? The American people made the conscious decision that they didn’t want an evolved constitution held together by traditions and statute law, like they had witnessed in England. They sought something better and came up with a codified constitution. One question remains; is the US constitution the improvement that they sought? One clear difference between the two constitutions is the fact that one is codified and the other isn’t. There are implications regarding the flexibility of the constitutions according to whether or not they are codified. The English constitution is flexible in the sense that there are no special majorities or arrangements needed to change the constitution, it can be done via the normal legislative process. In direct contrast to this the American constitution is rigid, it is entrenched against the whims of subsequent government who may want to change it, as it requires a substantial majority to make any amendments. With theses varying degrees of flexibility come both strengths and weaknesses. The strengths of the US constitution being entrenched are that it is clearly outlined and it cannot be subject to abuse. The strength of the UK constitution is in its flexibility the fact that it is evolved and has been able to change with the circumstances, for example the recent devolution in both Scotland and Wales. However such an crucial strength comes an equally important weakness, the fact that the constitution is not entrench and can be changed so easily leaves it vulnerable to abuse. Having said that though realistically no government is going to make constitutional changes without the backing of the political nation in the knowledge that they have to face re-election within five years. The government also have to get majority support in the house of commons which may not be as fourth coming from MPï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Us And UK Constitution Compared Free Essays on Us And UK Constitution Compared ‘Because the US constitution is written and codified it is superior to the UK constitution’ Do you agree? The American people made the conscious decision that they didn’t want an evolved constitution held together by traditions and statute law, like they had witnessed in England. They sought something better and came up with a codified constitution. One question remains; is the US constitution the improvement that they sought? One clear difference between the two constitutions is the fact that one is codified and the other isn’t. There are implications regarding the flexibility of the constitutions according to whether or not they are codified. The English constitution is flexible in the sense that there are no special majorities or arrangements needed to change the constitution, it can be done via the normal legislative process. In direct contrast to this the American constitution is rigid, it is entrenched against the whims of subsequent government who may want to change it, as it requires a substantial majority to make any amendments. With theses varying degrees of flexibility come both strengths and weaknesses. The strengths of the US constitution being entrenched are that it is clearly outlined and it cannot be subject to abuse. The strength of the UK constitution is in its flexibility the fact that it is evolved and has been able to change with the circumstances, for example the recent devolution in both Scotland and Wales. However such an crucial strength comes an equally important weakness, the fact that the constitution is not entrench and can be changed so easily leaves it vulnerable to abuse. Having said that though realistically no government is going to make constitutional changes without the backing of the political nation in the knowledge that they have to face re-election within five years. The government also have to get majority support in the house of commons which may not be as fourth coming from MPï ¿ ½...

Quality of Health Care Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Quality of Health Care - Term Paper Example Thus the quality and performance of hospital staff would be determined by a dichotomy of perception, one by private enterprise and the other by the government. Along with these developments raining and development of skills in the healthcare sector would lead to a new dimension both in the sphere of motivation and performance. Human Resource Training & Development (HRTD) policies and initiatives have received greater attention in the current period due to highly articulate employee skills training and development strategies at the individual healthcare sector. Thus the theoretical and empirical analysis of this paper is based on the available literature on the subject at a global level along with hospital's own training and quality improvement practices. This study basically draws on the hospitals' policy based convergence/divergence parameters for the continuous analysis for a proper articulation of the TQM strategy at broader level though its theoretical underpinnings are based on the need to focus attention on the evolving environment of competition. TQM policy and initiative based analysis is a near approximation of an otherwise intractable continuum which lacks definable contours and a logical conceptual framework of reference. While theoretical constructs underlying this approach have been presented as a uniform analysis there is very little attention being focused on the qualitative paradigm shift caused by the a priori and a posteriori catalytic changes (Creech, 1995). Thus the qualitative shift in this study is essentially based on these outcomes and the latest calibrations and/or benchmarks enunciated by researchers to establish a conceptual framework for analysis.As a business management strategy Six Sigma can be identified as a best practice in many industries including healthcare sector. Six Sigma simply defined as "a measure of quality for near perfection" (www.isixsigma.com). In fact some of the hospitals are focusing their attention on innovative ways to overcome some of the challenges in healthcare sector including create safety environment for patients and efficiency of the service delivery. Thus Six Sigma strategies can be used to enhance the quality of the service in the hospital by reducing the errors and variability in healthcare process. Therefore it can be used as a quality management method within the hospitals with sequence of steps to achieve desirable objectives such as improving the quality of the service, efficient service delivery, patient safety, reducing the cost and increasing the profits and so on. As a result hospital sectors are experiencing positive outcomes on patients, staff and the bottom line. Training and development process of the hospital's staff PhysiciansPhysicians would not be the same after extensive training. Apparently they would be in a better position than now especially with regard to their ready involvement. The government bureaucracy that makes policy decisions now would be defunct and a new breed of decision makers who are practicing physicians at the same time would make important strategic decisions in the future. As for the private hospitals, physicians would also be substantial

Financial Portfoli analysis & technical analysis ( risk ) Essay

Financial Portfoli analysis & technical analysis ( risk ) - Essay Example However procuring more capital through bond issue is likely to enhance the risk position of the business (Carter & Van Auken, 1990). The returns earned by the firm on the share prices are seen to be highly fluctuating. Returns on equity are also seen to be lower than the returns on bond. This indicates that the company pays off a large amount of its year end profits as interests to bondholders. As a result of the earnings available to shareholders becomes less. It also implies that the company does not earn adequate levels of earnings to cover both interests and tax related expenses. Considering the returns which the form provides to both the shareholders and the investors of bond, majority investors would prefer to invest in the bonds of the company (Reilly & Brown, 2011). Standard deviation essentially measures the deviation from the mean value. In case of the standard deviation values for the equity and bond, it is preferred that the results remain high. When the standard deviation values are high, it would indicate that the returns provided to the shareholders and bondholders are high. From the tabulated results it can be seen that the standard deviation value of returns provided to share holders are lower than the returns provided to the bondholders, indicating that investing in bonds is likely to be more profitable. Variance analysis is essentially the analysis of mean values. The higher the variance, it is predicted that the average value of the data set is high. In case of the variance calculated for the Emirates National Bank PJS stock and bond, it is seen that variance costs in respect of bond are higher than stock. Both covariance and correlation co efficient are adequately low for the company. This is due to the vast difference in the mean values of both the data set procured for stock and bond returns. From the overall analysis it is understood that investing the company’s bond would be more profitable

Real estate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Real estate - Essay Example types of estates are basically determined from the type of language used in the ownership documents such as the deeds, wills, grants of land, lease and bills of sale, by which the real estate was acquired (Abts, 2002). Estates are usually distinguished by the different property rights vested in each type of real estate. Property may be transferred for various reasons, among them purchase, inheritance, gifts, and legal reasons (Abts, 2002). One can purchase real estate from another on the basis of willing buyer willing seller. This will involve transferring documents of ownership to indicate that the rights of ownership now belong to the buyer. Property can also be transferred in form of inheritance. An heir to the property will have to transfer the ownership documents to reflect his ownership. Property can also be given to another person as a reward or a gift. Property can also be transferred from one person to the other for various legal reasons, for instance, as part of a divorce case, if it was acquired illegally and has to be returned to the real owner. In all these circumstances, transfer of property has to be done carefully and often with the help of a legal advisor. In order to fully understand whatever type of property is being transferred, it is important to understand the various interests held by the two parties involved (Abts, 2002). Deeds can also affect the type of ownership being transferred. The various types of deeds involved in transfer of property include the general Warranty deed; this gives the new owner all the rights of ownership of the property without any limitations. A general warranty deed is good if property is being transferred to the buyer (Abts, 2002). A Special Warranty Deed on the other hand involves the grantor limiting the title warranty given to the grantee to anyone claiming from the grantor. The other important deed is the Quit Claim Deed, which conveys a grantor’s full interest in the property, but does not warrant that

Analysing a managing change in General Electric

Analysing a managing change in General Electric Renowned scientist Thomas A. Edisson.who established Edison Electric light company in 1878.General Electric company is then took one huge company formation after two of merged in to one of Edison General Electric company and Thomas Houston company in 1892.Then GE is the only company listed in the Dow Jones industrial index. Today GE is a diversified technology, services, and financial services company with operation in more than 100 companies and 3, 50,000 employees worldwide. GE is a multinational which belongs to several companies in different companies headquartered in  Fairfield, Connecticut. Its New York headquarters located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in  Rockefeller Center, name give is  GE Building  for the projecting GE logo on the roof NBCs headquarters. Main studios are also located in the building. GEs Ecomagination concept attempt worldwide recognition to keep front runner itself as a green company. In current global market GE is stands one of the biggest players in the wind power industry, but not only because of its technological innovative products but also development of product as a environment-friendly like hybrid locomotives. Desalination and water reuse solutions, and photovoltaic cells. The company has set goals for its subsidiary holding companies to decrease their greenhouse gas emissions. GE as Brand GE has got his fourth position of the most recognized brand in the world; worth almost $52 billion.GE.com heighten the value of the brand by the ownership. A performance which places General Electric on Rank 3 of the VB.com Internet Hall of Fame. After appointing New CEO  Jeffrey Immelt, He  had a set of changes in the brand positioning in 2004, He tried to bring some transitional changes as chairman, then he quite successful in some instant also. He made the diversified businesses of GE. The changes included a new corporate color palette, one of them are small modifications to the  GE Logo, a new customized font (GE Inspira), and breakthrough company slogan ,  imagination at work  replacing the longtime slogan  we bring good things to life,  which is composed by David Lucas.. Academic/learning reasons behind GEs choice: The fundamental and important reason behind to chose GE as organization because the companies existence in the market over 130 years. Still they are innovative. They always have been inspiration to other industries, the different kind of delivering the ideas, implementing them. Which always keep them in front.GE expands their horizon in much diversified manner in air and also around the world.GE continues with its tradition of innovations keeping the scale of growth in economy. Companies dramatic discoveries help to redefine the lives. And now GE continues to earn the respect in the business economic world. To keep this informative thread in my mind encourages me to take academic lessons of the company as a learning resource and reasons also. 1.b) Theories and principle which underlie strategic planning. Growth strategy of General Electric. A company follows and obtained the best growth five initiative strategies to create capital efficient growth and to create high margin: 1) Technical Leadership 2) Services 3) Customer Focus 4) Globalization 5) Growth Platforms 1.Technical Leadership Technology is a prior and most preferential sector of companies initiative. Innovation comes in research and development which is a very subjective of this sector. The importance always given to the Technical leadership because it produces high-margin products, which could wins competitive battles and creates new markets. The external marketing forces are always been changing and they are not constant so company have about 2,000 researchers in our Global Research Centers linked to market and customer needs and in constant dialogue with our businesses.As main outcomes of a technical leadership a company made great progress in energy efficiency by introducing four leading products at the mid of 2003: 1) The H Systemà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ gas turbine 2) 3.6-megawatt wind turbine 3) The GE Evolutionà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Series locomotive engine 4) And the GE90-115B jet engine. 2. Services GEs Technical leadership can measure its better accountability is high end margin services for decades for a massive installed base of more than 100,000 long-lived GE jet engines, power turbines, locomotives and medical instruments. But services only work if they make our customers more profitable. In the energy market, GE has accepted the methodology to build and design asset business to improve customers energy efficiency, uptime and environmental performance. This year, our customer Norfolk Southern will begin operating with GEs Precision Dispatch Systemà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢, the rail industrys most comprehensive traffic management system, to improve locomotive availability and customer service. 3. Customer Focus Last year, company has formed a sales and marketing council led by Beth Comstock and Dave Nissen, two of our best growth leaders. Their main agenda includes: aligning our sales force with customer needs; taking Six Sigma to our customers; developing world-class marketing; driving sales force effectiveness; and serving global customers with excellence. One of our successes is in vertical selling, the practice of aligning our offerings in four industries that are critical to GE: healthcare, energy, transportation and retail. They represent $47 billion of industrial revenues and $169 billion of financial services assets. GE brings a unique concept of capabilities to these industries, including products, services, information and financing. In 2003, GE signed a multiyear agreement with New York-Presbyterian Hospital to support them in clinical research operation and help them improve their business. Company has also formed a $2 billion relationship with Emirates Airlines to setup a modernize setup for aircraft and make their assets and people more productive for their better outcomes. Xerox is a best partnership company with GE having strong relationship between them, though the company provides their help in the segment of finance and operating capabilities to improve their marketing strategies. 4. Globalization Since foundation of the company, GE always became a competent in world market with its multiple ideas and effectiveness throughout the globalization. After the formation company has sold its major product outside the U.S, remaining the economic market company sold its product. The company has keeping its own and major one-third of our leadership team global. GE global revenues were almost $74 billion in 2005, up 11%, and should grow 14% in 2007. Company has its different vision to recognize central fact that they know the demand by Global growth requires more than simply shipping products. Company always been committed equally to developing capabilities and relationships in the markets where you want to succeed. In Asian countries GE also commitment to China for its future business.GEs established its Global Research Center in Shanghai to develop the capabilities of Chinese suppliers and technology that GE can use globally. GE is keeping this approach in other developing markets. The company is confident to get revenues from Eastern Europe, Russia and Iraq should grow from $3.5 billion in 2010 to $7 billion in 2015.. 5. Growth Platforms Transform the business model using growth initiatives, such as services and globalization. Finally, apply this theory financial strength to invest in organic growth or acquisitions. GEs Growth Strategy:http://www.ge.com/images/en/ar2003/widgets/spacer.gif Technical Leadership Services Customer Focus Globalization Growth Platform http://www.ge.com/ar2003/chairman/letter_4.jsp 1. d) Models and tools which could be used as a strategic planning and development of GE: SWOT ANALYSYS is a basis method which will help for strategic planning and development OF GENERAL ELECTRIC. SWOT analysis is being discussed below: STRENGTHS Global recognition:   General Electric has ventured into the world market thus gaining global recognition for its unique goods and services Forbes magazine ranked GE as the worlds largest company in year 2009.   In todays business world General Electrics brand is the worlds most recognized brand, and recognition has given it a competitive edge over other companies due to its ability to attract more customers. Excellent Management:   GE utilizes a unique management style, the integrity of management and business operations are divided into business units.   Each business unit plays a distinct role within the company and has its own independent management.   Examples include GE Commercial Finance, GE Equipment Services, GE  Energy, GE Insurance, and GE Consumer Finance among others. This kind of unique management helps to take instant decision and to be more concentric toward its unit managerial functions and helps to increase productivity due to the high level of accountability and efficiency that business unit managers are expected to maintain. Diversity and operation management: GE has invested in a wide range of products whose activities range from technology, energy, automotives, and aviation and home appliances to financial services and insurance services. This kind of diversification shields the company from risks in case of misfortunes. WEAKNESSES Under-performing energy sector: Due to the effect global crisis and fluctuation in fuel prices energy sector is not performing as expected. So the supply shortage because lack of demands and fluctuations in prices of oil and gas have mostly threatened the companys profitability. Threat to flexibility: Sometimes flexibility in the business operations may causes dangerous for a company, because it results in over-stretching which usually slows down decision making.GE having its very huge operation management to do under numerous units which require attention and could prove hard to manage if excessive diversification occurs. OPPORTUNITIES Mergers and acquisitions:   GE has many sources and very much to prove, but sometimes in market there are many competent, result of this GE has performed several mergers in the recent past. These not only help the company to expand globally but to diversify its activities into new areas thus increasing productivity. Research and development: Intensified research and development characterize the GEs activities to maintain a competitive edge over others in the same industry. GE invests substantial amount of resources for relentless efforts to ensure the production of innovative products. THREATS Competition:   Operating in global economic environment  where stiff competition is present is a threat in itself. GE risks losing its customers to competitors .As a large company GE gives importance to control to negotiate with suppliers. They can better manage production to keep prices and profitability high.   Competition could be intensified by product differenciation, better techniques and technology among competitors. Information security: Every company faces a treat of losing confidential and important data through internet hackers, sometimes natural disasters and dishonesty of employess.this could affect the companys activities and cause a slow-down in production. Financial crisis:   Up and downturns in the economy, global financial crisis, seriously effect most companies today, these causes the rises in prices and shrinking bank lending rates have lack in businesses much needed profits and capital respectively. References Chasnoff, D. (1991). Deadly deception: General electric, nuclear weapons and our environment.  Newday. Hurbert, P. (2007).  General electric company profile.  United States: Market Research. Makower, J. (2005). Ecoimagination: Inside GEs power play.  World Changing. Task 2 2.a) Marketing Strategy options used by the General Electric GEs marketing plan is basically designed and explained with 7 Ps of marketing segments. Which are explained below. 1. Product. GEs technology division produces Inappropriate and fire detection products, which also use to card access systems, aircraft replacement parts, jet engines, medical diagnostics, medical imaging as well as patient monitoring equipment. The companys major sector is energy, so it also provides products related to energy infrastructure such as wind turbines, gas turbines, water purification systems, and aircraft engine derivatives. GEs also produced a consumer as well as industrial division such as refrigerators, washers, microwave ovens, residential air conditioners. 2. Price General Electric introduced a Power by the Hour program for its aircraft engines, in recognition that its customers were not specially purchasing its airplane engines, but also they will keep in mind the ability to minimize downtime through its maintenance and service initiatives. There was a increased in a cost pressure in global economy in 2004 due to GE raised prices in for its Infrastructure Water and Process technology customers and it widely affect on citing marketplace conditions for water treatment solutions which made it more expensive to do business. General Electric introduced a concept of healthtmagination, whose initiative involves the reduction of prices in its medical imaging and diagnostics business as a result of reduced customer spending in these areas.    3. Place General Electric is headquartered in Fairfield Connecticut, at 3135 Easton Turnpike. GE has subsidiaries located in Singapore, Mexico, Munich, China and Ontario Canada General Electric has global business projects including Southeast Asia, Northern Asia, Australia,New Zealand, Africa, Latin America and Europe. 4. Promotion Since 2001 GE worked with Responsys, Inc. as the preferred vendor to implement GE Services Networks email marketing programs.    GEs slogan we bring good things to life is among the most recognizable in the world. 5. Process With the assistance from major Boston Consulting Group and McKinsey and company General Electric pioneered the nine cell strategic business screen used to identify the most favorable position with attractive growth opportunities as well as competitor strength. GE managers operate and make their decisions from the companies famous blue books five volumes of detailed guidance. GE management has utilized techniques such as leadership development, Work Out, and Six Sigma. Constant appraisal process has been undertaken every year by GE which is about a 10%.which involves from its bottom of firing to higher level. GE strives to accomplish its goals with four core values in mind: imagine, solve, build, and lead. 6. Physical Evidence GEs physical Evidence can be stated below 1) Huge investments in Russia including equipment fleet with more than 1,500 large units. 2) Crucial investments of infrastructure resources such as oil and gas as well as aviation. 3)GE has made investment in Indonesia to build the infrastructure. 7. People Jeffery Immelt is the current chairman of the board and chief executive officer of GE. The Spirit The Letter is employed an integrity policy which every employee supports with a signed pledge.   General Electric provides an employee and retired employee outlet store with discount products. GE utilizes skills-based customer service routing technology. 2. b) STAKEHOLDERS OF GE Description and function of stakeholders in GE. 1. Emerald Technology Ventures Emerald Technology Ventures is a global leader in clean technology venture capital incepted in year 2000; Emerald is a pioneer which cleanly focused on energy sector which is rapidly emerging clean technology sector and exclusively on innovative technologies in energy, advanced materials and water. Company has been operating from offices in Zurich, Switzerland and Toronto, Canada. Since inception, Emerald has managed three venture capital funds and two venture capital portfolios mandates totaling over EUR 400 million.since the foundation company only invites the global investors include such as a leading financial institutions and multinational corporations. http://www.emerald-ventures.com/aboutUs.aspx 2. KPCB (Kleiner Perkins caufield byers) KPCB is a Venture Capital Firm, but its not only the company who has corporate directives but also they are a creative think tank that helps design new industries that change the world. They have created an exceptional marketplace of ideas where entrepreneurs and inventors come together and brainstorm how to build companies that will redefine the future. Kleiner Perkins is not a commercial investment company but it is more than that. Its partners gave the time, insight, and expertise necessary to help crystallize a long-term vision and corporate strategy for company. And through their network of portfolio companies and personal contacts, KPCBs philosophy of contributing more than just capital is exactly what makes companies experience as an iFund company extremely valuable. 3. Rockport Capital Rockport is a leading venture capital having a partnership with cleantech entrepreneurs which operates in world market. Company has different management operating style involves collaboration with core management teams to achieve faster growth and building its own value in market and bring disruptive technologies. Company operates in global market have a excellent track record which is providing the insights and networks that push forward companies to get more success in world economic era. Rockport categorize its primary focus in some certain business sectors, majors are Energy and Power, Transportation, Resource Effeniciency, Advanced Materials and Green Building. With respect of these companies, Rockport also invests in all stages of development. Energy sector always been a much favorable sector for investment for Rockport. Since this capability sets Rockport apart, the focus on opportunities in which company has leverage these strengths to add value beyond investment capital. http://www.rockportcap.com/our-approach Task 3a) Definition: vision According to Mike Harvey (2009), the vision seeks to provide an ideal future for which the organization strives for. Lambert (1996) as quoted by Harvey (2009) suggests that crafting a vision calls for creativity. He states that a vision should specifically answer direct questions like what will the organization be like in 5 to 15 years times among others. Tom Peters (1987) pontificates that, visions are meant to be clear, inspiring and challenging. From these statements I have developed the vision statement for Dialogue Direct will be the following: Maintaining our Leadership position in the top 5 of UK fundraising organization in a bid to make a difference in the world (Mike Harvey course notes for strategic planning and implementation, 2009) In GE CEO is the first and head of the management. The corporate success depends on the vision districts by the  chief executive  . GE has vision impact on the employees to be accompanied in a dramatic and enduring way.GE always make sure you keep stretch in employees vision, communicate it constantly, underscoring the relationship between management and employee. Definition: Mission statement A well-thought out mission statement guides a companys managers as to which market opportunities to pursue and which fall outside the companys strategic domain (Scott, 2000). A mission is something to be accomplished. Professional Definition: GE does not have a mission statement, per se, but its operating philosophy and business objectives are clearly articulated each year in the Letter to Shareowners, Employees and Customers in the Annual Report.. http://www.ge.com Definition of Objectives: The objectives are declaration of companys purpose and goals (Rea and Rea, 2000). Objectives are meant to create a challenging environment for people who crave to make above average contributions and who imagine to get above average rewards (Bragg, 2006). GEs main objectives are:   1) To facilitate the development of effective energy and environmental strategies related to corporate business policies in Georgia; 2) To facilitate the creation of effective legal, regulatory and structural framework for market oriented reforms and harmonization with best western (EU) standards in the fields of energy and environment protection; 3 )To build public awareness, encourage public participation , in the fields of energy and environmental protection. Definition of values Values   Imagine, solve, build and lead four bold verbs that express what it is to be part of organization. Their action-oriented nature says something about who we are and should serve to energize ourselves and our teams around leading change and driving performance. http://www.csrglobe.com/login/companies/ge.html Professional Definition: Values in GE: While GE has always performed with integrity and values.The values which embody the spirit of GE at its best. Energy and spirit of a company that has the solid foundation to lead change as business evolves. And they express distinctly a code of behavior that guides through that change with integrity. They are a call to action that asks every GE employee to recommit to a common set of beliefs about how we work in our world today, they are based on a continuum of how GE has grown and performed through generations. They are our words and our values in our own voice. 3b) Effectiveness of above three things can be measured in the following ways: Mission, Vision and Values Mission The effectiveness of mission is give a clear way for organization to clarify what it is currently discover to do for its customers or stakeholders. It is like statement of purpose, which create a question What is GE trying to accomplish on behalf of our stakeholders or individual investors? An effective mission statement helps to identify day-to-day operations and as the foundation for future decision-making and to make corporate strategy. Vision The vision is a corporate glance which creates a rallying point for strategic management team to maximize efforts. Organizations vision provides a powerful and inspiring picture of the outcome an organization seeks, at some point in the future. Vision is a key of success and it would be effective if clear and step forward to be achieving goal of organization. Values An organizations value is fundamental and deeply held. Every organization has its intrinsic value and is important to everyone on the management. Values are an implicit part of the promise of organizations future and establish for prospective and existing team members about their expectation from teammates, management and leaders. 3 c) ORGANIZATION CULTURE Definition:- Gareth Morgan has described organizational culture as: The set of the set of beliefs, values, and norms, together with symbols like dramatized events and personalities that represents the unique character of an organization, and provides the context for action in it and by it. http://www.organizationalculture101.com/definition-of-organizational-culture.html GEs organizational culture: GEs organizational culture committed towards its leadership culture, The company believes that employees performance can only flourish in safe and sound environment. This leadership culture can be obtained through system and policies develop communication, maintain the partner employee relationship, privacy and gives surety of health and safety. GE has multidimensional work assessment groups which undergo with different definitions and operating structure give below. 1)Operating with integrity 2)Work and life balance 3)Quality and work life Some of the key characteristics of GEs organizational culture are as follows: A )Individual effort is much more important than group or collective efforts. B) Competition is king internally and externally C) Poor performers lose face publicly ETHICAL VALUES: Definition:- An ethical appeal also referred to as ethos basically has to do with rights or moral values. http://www.tutorvista.com/answers/ethical-values-definition/72821 Ethical Values of GE: Factors: Since the inception of company Internal and External functions of Management GE has been began operating under Thomas Alva Edison. Since then GE has grown and matured as one of the greatest multi- innovator firms in business history with GE has become an international company expanding its services and product around the world. GE has its own ethics of business and values. GEs ethical values reflect in a wonderful example of how external and internal factors like globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, at national and international level will impact the way company managers operate and comply with ethical and compliance issues. GEs ethics impacts directly, not only the four functions of management namely planning, organizing, leading, and controlling but also the four factors globalization, technology, innovation, and diversity are closely related with each other. http://www.tutorvista.com/answers/ethical-values-definition/72821 http://www.writework.com/essay/ge-business-ethics-compliance 3 d) Core competencies: Definition:- It is cluster knowledge and gained abilities from its consistent efforts over the years, which are not easily imitiated.it helps to any organization to be competitive and help to become more creative and able to deliver good services towards customers. After a many years of dedication General Electrics introduced best practices GEs version of benchmarking, reengineering and energetic, highly participative employee-manager retreats, to get more new ideas from employees.  Ã‚  These are which will help GE to be more creative and were aimed at significantly increasing innovation in order to substantially increase productivity.  GE has major and important client is U.S  for many years.When GE applies the theory of core competency it become live and breathe innovation, at the very least, find it fundamental to their successes in the words of Peter Druker Every organization-not just businesses-needs one core competence:  Ã‚  innovation. http://www.winstonbrill.com/bril001/html/article_index/articles/201-250/article220_body.html Critical success factors: Mike Harvey (1984) suggests that, these are factors that are necessary when the company is looking to excel and outperform its competitors. Those are the things customers, shareholders and stakeholders generally value about a business and its activities. Importance of the critical success factors in an organization is because of it can help to focus on the building their capabilities or to identify if there are any lack of ability to build necessary critical success factors. Critical success factors are necessary to the success of General Electric: In world energy market GE compete with some another leading companies. Some rival companies are now to launch new greener products in market to make environment decarbonised.so in my opinion the competition will become more rigid in coming days Critical success factors could be in subject areas of gas turbines and energy efficient lights.GE already introduced its much heralded Ecomaginationproject.but it needs more diversity in above particular independent research. Task 4 4.1a) Amendment strategy in response to change in economic and business climate. GE is always committed to its customers for their better services; on the other side company has also to focus on large scale business opportunities. Though being a being a global leader in a number of high tech industries GE has identified a providing solution to face a problem of the future which could be interest of environmental issues. Therefore Mr.jeffrey has bought a new innovative and creative project namely Ecomagination When GE done analysis upon ecological survey he came on decision that there is a resources problem of global warming and supply of oil and water which were most prominent. And its going to be more demand in coming decades. So avoid future imbalance of certain things GE has started to invest in ecologically friendly alternatives to existing technologies. (Global Energy Formation, Matts Larsson 2009.Pllgrave Macmillan, Page 119) 4. b) GE responded to the changes in its environment. As explained above GE accompanied changes and following their strategies as per creation a innovation Ecomagination.so it can be prove that GE responded to the changes in its environment. The GE ecomagination annual report provides updates on the progress on each of its ecomagination commitments. 1. Double investment in clean research and development   GE invested $1.5 billion on ecomagination RD, reaching the commitment to double our annual investment by 2010 one year ahead of schedule. GE continues to be committed to unleashing new technology.. 2. Increase revenues from ecomagination products   In 2009, ecomagination revenues grew six percent to $18 billion even in a challenging global environment. 3. Reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve the energy efficiency of its operations   GE reduced its GHG emissions by 22% compared to 2004. GE improved its energy intensity 34% compared to 2004, surpassing the goal of 30% in 2012. http://www.genewscenter.com/Press-Releases/GE-Surpassed-5-Billion-in-Research-Development-Investment-in-ecomagination-Technology-2902.aspx 4 c) As per my concern following will be the major functional areas of GE. 1. Research and Development Department GE Global Research is the hub of technology development for all of GEs businesses having 10 global laboratories organized by scientific disciplines all focused on leveraging technology breakthroughs across multiple GE businesses. GE established laboratories in different continents and their people come from the US, Europe, China and India collaborates and builds on each success. http://www.ge.com/company/research_development.html GE diverse its industrial lab in the world. From aircraft engines to power generation to financial businesses and even television network and movie studios, GE Global Research can leverage technology across industries and across scientific disciplines. http://www.ge.com/company/factsheets/grc.html 2. GEs marketing Department: General Electric is treat

What Dogs Need :: Papers

What Dogs Need People and animals need the same things to be happy and healthy. Just like you, your dog needs food, water, shelter, grooming, health care, and love. Puppy eating.Below shows things, which help dogs to stay happy and healthy! Water For Your Dog ------------------ Your dog needs at least 2 dishes filled with fresh water everyday. One should be in the house and the other should be outside. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The water should always be kept clean, cool and fresh. If the water gets dirty or warm during the day, your dog would be very happy to get a cool refill. A dog in his doghouse.Did you know that your dog's water would freeze in the winter when it is very cold? It will also get too warm in hot, summer weather. If the water is too warm, it cannot cool your dog's body. Here are some special tips to help keep your dog safe and happy in hot and cold weather. --------------------------------------------------------------------- Shelter For Your Dog -------------------- People and animals need shelter from the harsh elements of weather. Wild animals go to their den or cave to escape the hot sun and cold rain. A shelter provides safety from other animals that might cause them harm. A shelter is a safe area to call home. A dog without a fenced yard or enclosed patio is a dog that is not safe. Dogs that are allowed to run loose will eventually become lost, stolen or hit by a car. This is not a safe situation for your dog and it is against the law. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- In many families, dogs do live outside. That's okay as long as they have shelter outside from the bad weather. A special doghouse is good; access to a garage is fine, as long as there are no dangers for the dog to find. A bed inside of the doghouse or garage would be as welcome as flowers in springtime. ----------------------------------------------------------------------